Tomato is a vegetable crop of the Solanaceae genus. The plant can be annual or perennial. Tomato seeds are small, rounded. They look the same, but you can get completely different bushes and fruits from them.

Description of culture

The height of the tomato stem depends on the varietal accessory of the vegetable:

  • Low-growing variety (stem 30-50 cm).
  • Tall variety (stem up to 2 m).

Tomato is subdivided by the time of fruiting:

  • Ultra early tomato... The earliest varieties. The time of the beginning of fruiting from the first shoots is 75-85 days, depending on the variety. Mostly these are undersized plants with a spreading bushy crown. (Parodist, Sanka)
  • Early tomato... The first crop can be obtained from a bush 90-100 days after the first shoots. (Marisha, Mandarin)
  • Middle tomato... The waiting time for the first fruits is from 110 to 130 days. (Bourgeois, Orange, Gina)
  • Late tomato... Late varieties of tomatoes ripen the longest, the waiting time for ripe vegetables is from 120 to 160 days. (Rocket, Bullheart)

Tomato seeds keep well in winter. Seed germination lasts about 5 years. If seeds are stored for longer, they must be checked before planting.

Important! It is not recommended to store tomato seeds for more than 7 years.

Tomatoes can be grown under plastic cover and in the open field. For open ground, early ripening varieties are suitable:

  • Red cock... An early tomato, the height of the bush reaches 60 cm. Despite the small height of the bush, it is recommended to tie the plant up. The fruits are large, reaching 200 gr.
  • Skorospelka... Ultra-early, undersized tomato variety. The bush is sprawling, therefore it needs support. The tomato is fruitful, the return of fruits is friendly.
  • Rajah... Early tomato. The bush reaches a height of 1-1.5 m. It is necessary to tie up tomato bushes and carry out pinching. The fruits are oval.

In order to choose the right tomato seeds, the best varieties for open ground, you need to ask yourself: where the plant will be mainly grown and how you plan to use the crop: for consumption immediately in the form of salads or for home preservation.

Note! Not every fruit is suitable for harvesting for the winter.

Not all varieties will grow equally well in a greenhouse and outdoors.

Harvest the seeds

The best tomato seeds are those purchased from a specialty store. Moscow and the Moscow region have countless shops for gardeners. If the planting material is purchased on the market, hand-held, one cannot judge the variety and draw conclusions about the poor harvest of the tomato. Only high-quality seeds, proper cultivation, timely fertilization, watering will allow you to get a bountiful harvest.

Open ground varieties

  • Marisha... An early variety of tomatoes. Suitable for both preservation and fresh consumption. Fruits grow from 50 to 100 gr., The bush blooms profusely, gives an amicable ripening of fruits. Marisha is perfectly transported over long distances, therefore the variety is in demand for growing on small and large land plots.
  • Sanka... Ultra-early ripening tomato variety. A welcome guest in the gardens of summer residents. The bush is compact, does not require a garter. Fruits weighing about 100 grams. Fruit ripening is amicable. The variety is cold-resistant, resistant to diseases, not picky about sunlight. Preferably grown in seedlings.
  • Parodist... Early variety, large fruits - 120-160 gr. It is intended primarily for fresh consumption.In conservation it shows itself badly, the fruits in the jar are loose. It is difficult to transport.
How deep to plant tomato seeds

Good yields are always obtained with proper care. However, there are a number of varieties that produce the most fruit.

The most productive varieties:

  • Stolypin... A tomato variety that not only produces a wonderful harvest, but is also resistant to various common diseases. Fruiting is good, even in the absence of favorable weather conditions. The purpose of the variety is universal: it can be consumed fresh and used in conservation. The variety is transported well, retains its presentation during transportation.
  • Mushroom basket... Excellent taste, well transported. The fruit can grow up to 500 grams. The surface of the vegetable is ribbed.

Seed selection and agricultural technology

Tomato varieties for Krasnodar Territory, open ground

Planting tomatoes begins with the acquisition of seed. No need to save money on buying seeds. Poor-quality seeds will give poor shoots, seedlings will develop poorly, the plant will get sick and, as a result, will not give the harvest that was expected of it.

Important! Seed germination must be checked before planting in the ground.

To do this, the seeds are dipped for 10-15 minutes in a solution of weak potassium permanganate. Thanks to this procedure, seeds can be disinfected from pests. After that, the seed is wrapped in a damp cloth and left for 2-3 days for germination, periodically moistening the seeds.

Harvest

After the first shoots appear, the seeds are planted in prepared soil.

Soil preparation

It is better to buy soil for growing seedlings in the store. Such land is prepared for active plant growth, gives good shoots and allows you to grow good seedlings on a strong stem with a powerful root system.

Advice! For a painless addiction of tomatoes when transplanting in the open field, it is recommended to add a little soil from the garden to the acquired soil. So the plant will more easily tolerate a change in growth site.

Good lighting is important for seedlings during the growing season. If there is not enough light when the first shoots appear, the plants will stretch out, they will be weak. If the plants are grown on a windowsill, it is necessary to regularly rotate the seedling container to form even seedlings.

Watering

Before the first shoots appear, the soil in the boxes is not watered, but moistened. It is convenient to do this from a spray bottle. The water should be at room temperature, separated for 2-3 days. Boiled water is not used. It is deprived of oxygen and has a negative effect on plant development.

Rainwater or melt water is ideal for irrigation, but its use is undesirable if industrial enterprises are located nearby.

Seedling nutrition

Tomatoes love acidified water. After the first shoots appear, the plants are watered with water with the addition of citric acid. Proportion: 10 l of water and 1 g of citric acid.

To form a strong root system, the plants are dived. The plant is pulled out of the ground, pinched the edge of the root and immediately planted back into the ground. Dive tomatoes are carried out when 2 true leaves appear.

Important! Late picks must not be allowed. Plants begin to develop an extensive root system, the roots intertwine and the plant does not tolerate transplanting well.

When picking, the seedlings must be watered in 2-3 days. The soil will not be dry or overly moist.

The tomato must be fertilized 3-4 days after the dive.

Fertilizers

Mullein. It is necessary to pour the fertilizer into a bucket, add water in a 1: 3 ratio and leave for 2-3 days for proofing. After 10 liters, add 0.5 liters of infused fertilizer and water the tomatoes. You can breed a mullein on the day of the pick. During the rooting of the seedlings, the fertilizer will be completely ready for use.

Ash. It contains many elements useful for plant development: calcium, phosphorus, potassium. Ash can be purchased at the store. If possible, you should burn a few branches yourself.Ash is added directly to the plant well when transplanting to a permanent place of growth.

Important! Using ash as fertilizer, you need to strictly adhere to the norm, 40-50 grams is enough for one plant. ash.

Yeast. Few people use yeast to fertilize tomato bushes. However, it is very effective and quick to prepare. Take 10 grams for 1 bucket of water. live yeast, dissolved in warm water and immediately start feeding. For 1 bush, 0.5 l of solution is consumed.

In addition to providing plants with light, water and feeding, you need to take care of their safety. Timely treatment for infectious diseases, pest control.

Diseases and pests

The earliest varieties of tomatoes: how to get the first harvest in June

Late blight. If you do not get rid of the disease in time, you can lose a significant part of the crop. The ground part of the bush suffers, a dark bloom appears on the leaves and the affected areas rot. Treatment of late blight: the use of chemicals - Quadris, Agat-25.

Powdery mildew. Has several pathogens, manifests itself in the form of yellow or white spots. You can exterminate the mushroom with sodium glumate. The use of Topaz is widespread.

Observing agricultural techniques and choosing the right variety of tomatoes, you can count on an excellent harvest.