It is believed that grapes are an extremely capricious garden culture. However, this is not quite true. Good care of the grapes allows you to grow a healthy vine in a year. There are several important rules that every grower should know.

Conditions for the growth of grapes

  • Choosing the right place to plant your vine. Grapes are a thermophilic culture, so a sunny site protected from the wind by some kind of building should be chosen for a vineyard. In addition, this culture does not like excessive moisture. This means that you need to plant in elevated areas where water will not stagnate. Also, you cannot have a drain nearby.
  • The soil under the vineyard should be both light and nutritious. Therefore, before planting seedlings, you need to prepare the soil from sand, fine gravel, black soil and garden soil. Heavy clay soils and loams should not be taken as a basis. They poorly conduct water and air, which has a bad effect on the development of plants.
  • For cultivation on your site, you need to choose only zoned table and wine grape varieties. For example, for viticulture in the Moscow region, the best suited varieties are Helios, White Early, Cocktail, Lunny, Muscat Moscow and Tenderness. Siberian gardeners prefer Amethystovy, Alpha, Lando Noir and Somerset Seedlis raisins.

    Ripe grapes

The grower's calendar should become a reference book, it will tell you how to care for grapes in the first year of planting and beyond. Meeting the deadlines and completing all the necessary work will allow you to grow a healthy, productive vine.

Main works

First you need to take care of the seedlings. Better to grow them yourself. To do this, you will have to find a gardener who is already cultivating a certain grape variety on his site. The time for harvesting the shanks is autumn. It is combined with vine pruning, so a neighbor on the site will be happy to share the workpieces of your favorite variety.

When to mow the lawn for the first time after planting

You need to cut the stalk from healthy, productive bushes. It is best to choose branches that grow on the sunny side of the bush. The optimum cross-sectional diameter is 5-8 mm. Old branches are not suitable for these purposes.

On a note! A 1% iodine solution will help to check the degree of ripening of the vine. The cut of a mature cut should turn dark purple.

For grafting, the middle of the branch is suitable. The cut is made just above the fourth kidney. Chubuki for 7-9 buds are usually prepared for storage.

Before storing the planting material, it must be thoroughly disinfected. The treatment is carried out with a solution of copper sulfate (10 g of copper sulfate per 250 g of water). The shafts, dried after processing, should be tightly wrapped in foil and stored at a temperature of + 2 + 6 ° С. Ventilate at least once a month. If mold is found, rinse immediately, treat with a solution of potassium permanganate, dry and send for storage.

Grape seedling Victoria

In the spring, the shanks are cut 35-45 cm long, soaked for two days in water at a temperature of + 16 + 18 ° C. Then they are placed in a vessel with water (3-3.5 cm) and placed on a well-lit windowsill. After 1.5-2 weeks, green shoots appear on the shanks, after another week, adventitious roots are formed. After that, the cuttings should be transplanted into containers with a soil mixture of soil, sand and humus.

[alert color = "red" icon = "exclamation-triangle"]Attention! Planting in a container is carried out only after trimming weak shoots. Only one, the strongest sprout should remain on the handle. Filling with soil is carried out until a shoot 2-16 cm long remains on top. [/ Alert]

What to do for a young vine to take root

Grape seedlings need to be hardened, otherwise the young bushes will hurt for a long time, develop poorly or even die in a few weeks.

How to care for thuja after planting

Hardening should be started 2-3 weeks before planting in open ground. To do this, they are taken out daily to fresh air for 15-40 minutes. Moreover, the first days of young plants should be shaded from the bright sun. If the temperatures remain positive at night, it is advisable not to bring the seedlings into the room for the last few days before planting in the ground.

Advice for beginners! It is possible to plant seedlings in open ground only after the threat of frost has disappeared. The last decade of May is best suited for this, since the soil has already warmed up enough by this time.

In order for the plant to take root easily, it must be planted in the morning or evening hours, preferably in cloudy weather.

Landing in the ground

A grape bush will develop well if a planting pit is prepared for it in a timely manner and correctly. To do this, on the site of the future vineyard, you need to dig a hole 0.6-0.8 m deep. Lay a layer of fertile soil at the bottom. There you also need to add 15-20 kg of humus, 1.7 kg of wood ash and 0.3 kg of complex fertilizer (nitrophoska, ammophos, vegetable mixture, etc.). Mix everything thoroughly with a hoe and pour over water.

Planting grapes in the ground

What year does the grape bear fruit after planting

After the moisture has been absorbed, it is necessary to lay the middle layer of soil. And the top is the most infertile - the bottom.

When planting, young shoots are removed together with an earthen lump and placed in the planting pit so that the roots are 33-37 cm below the soil level, and the lower green shoot is 9-12 cm higher. Then the plant is covered with earth 4-6 cm below the development zone, carefully compacted with your hands. Sprinkle with water (15-20 l). After absorption, the pit is covered with loose soil.

Additional Information! Do not compact the top layer of soil. The soil must be loose so that air can penetrate to the roots.

It is best to use mulching to prevent crust formation and reduce evaporation. Fresh hay works well for this.

The optimal distance between the grape bushes is 1.3-1.7 m. The formation of the vine will go right if you put the trellis on time. Such support will facilitate the care of grape seedlings in the first and subsequent years.

How to care for grapes after planting

Caring for grape seedlings after planting in the spring consists mainly of measures to combat pests and fungal diseases.

Grape care

To protect developing plants from myoinfections, a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid is best suited. With grape moth and spider mite, you can fight with a proven folk remedy - soap solution (200 g of soap for 8-10 liters of water).

It is important to protect the young grape bush from the hot spring sun. To do this, you need to build a shelter from any available means.

Watering and feeding

Summer is the time of active vegetation of young vines. Seedlings need timely watering and weeding.

The watering regime depends on the climatic features of the area. The middle zone of Russia is characterized by dry summers, so young plantings should be watered every 12-16 days. If hot weather (+ 30 + 35 ° С) lasts more than two weeks, watering is increased up to 1 time in 7-8 days. It is better to water the grapes with warm, settled water at the rate of 7-12 liters per root.

Watering the vineyard

Bush formation

Grapes 1 year old need care and pruning. It is pruning that allows you to form and direct the growth of two strong shoots, which will later become the basis of a powerful productive bush.

Advice! In a young seedling, the two most developed eyes should be selected, and the rest should be removed.

Pruning is the most important way to care for grapes in the second year after planting. If young shoots are not removed in time, the nutrition of the main branches will sharply decrease. In addition, neglect of the vine can cause the multiplication of pathogens and pests.

Preparing for the first wintering

An annual bush needs catarovka. This agricultural technique consists in removing the adventitious roots that develop at the base of the stem. It is necessary to carefully cut off the upper roots and excess shoots at a depth of 0.25-0.35 and cover the hole with earth.

Black Grape Grand

So that winter does not bring death to a young vineyard, the first-year bushes must be carefully covered. For this, the tops of nightshade crops, straw or sawdust are suitable.

Two-year-old grape care

Work in the vineyard begins in early spring. First of all, you need to examine the overwintered vine and cut out all branches affected by frost. This procedure must be performed before the kidneys open.

Grapes in the second year of life are most likely to be attacked by pests and pathogens, therefore spring processing is of great importance. For this purpose, a 3% solution of copper sulfate is used.

On a note! It is recommended to spray the substance on the vine and the soil around the bush.

Spring care for second-year shoots includes a garter for a growing bush. The branches of the grapes must be tied to the trellis and thus provide the bush with good ventilation and lighting. Deep cultivation of the soil has a beneficial effect on the growth and development of the vineyard. It provides good aeration and moisture conservation. In addition, it is an excellent prevention of the development of weeds.

If you plant a seedling correctly, organize timely watering, pruning, regularly feed and protect the vine from pests, in just 2-3 years you can get the first harvest of sweet grapes.