Cherry is a fruit crop, belongs to the genus Plum of the Pink family. Grows in the form of a shrub or tree. The birthplace of a perennial plant is the Crimea, the North Caucasus.
Cherries are quite often affected by all sorts of diseases and are invaded by various insect pests. Preventive measures should be taken regularly to ensure protection against such attacks.
Why do diseases occur:
- poor care;
- sharp climatic changes;
- accidental mechanical damage;
- insufficient soil nutrition;
- unfavorable neighbors (conifers or other fruit crops);
- excessive drought;
- lack of watering;
- there was no pest control.
What to do
Before starting the primary processing of cherries in the spring for diseases and pests, you need to put things in order in the garden:
- collect the leaves left over from last year;
- cut off damaged, extra branches, shorten the crown a little;
- loosen the soil around the tree;
- pour the cracks on the bark with garden pitch.
How to spray cherries in the spring against pests and diseases? After all the above measures have been carried out, you need to spray the bushes with a urea solution (for 10 liters of water / 700gr.). The whole tree is sprayed completely, the soil around it.
Cherry processing in spring
You can process the plant when the weather is warm, but before the buds wake up.
After a couple of days, you need to treat the culture again with fungicides.
This could be:
- Bordeaux liquid (3%);
- iron vitriol (for 10 liters of water / 300gr.);
- copper sulfate (for 10 liters of water / 100 g.).
Horus is also considered an excellent remedy. This composition has a tonic effect, it protects the plant from fungal, putrefactive infections. No less popular is the Corsair remedy, Actellik.
Of the chemical series, karbofos is best suited (for 10 liters of water / 70gr.). It will protect you from caterpillars and aphids.
Aktelik
To prevent the movement of harmful insects along the trunks of trees, trapping belts are attached to them. They are made of burlap or thick paper folded in several layers, the width is 15-20 centimeters. The edge of the upper side is tightly bound with twine around the trunk. The lower part remains free. Crawling insects will penetrate under it. From the inside, the belt is smeared with some sticky compound (petroleum jelly, honey). The pests stuck in it will not be able to get out and will die.
It is necessary to check the traps several times a week, to destroy the caught insects.
Folk remedies
Many gardeners do not like chemistry, so they try to use ecological methods of control.
If you do not use chemicals at all, you can use one of the biological compounds: Akarin, Fitoferm, Healthy Garden. Bushes must be processed before they start blooming. You can also use chamomile infusion (for 10 liters of water / 150g. Flowers). Withstand a day. Then add the grated laundry soap (half a piece). Dilute it in warm water (0.5 liters).
Akarin
But if in the past year the culture has suffered any disease, it is better to use stronger drugs.
After processing, whitewash the tree trunks and adjacent branches with a mixture of lime and copper sulfate, cover the trunks with ash.
Often, the owners of garden plots do not know if they can spray the cherry during flowering. During this period, it is not worthwhile to carry out chemical treatment of the bushes, as bees and other pollinating insects may die. When the trees have faded, a secondary preventive maintenance process is needed. And then the question arises, how to spray the cherry after flowering. They take all the same means that they used for the first time.
Also recently, Gibberellin (phytohormone - growth stimulator) has become widespread. It is considered a top dressing, helps to increase the shelf life of the fruit. Its variety - Gibberellic acid - is available in ready-made formulations. This is Pollen, Bud, Ovary.
Gibberellin
They also use greenery, they spill the soil under the bushes (for 10 liters of water / 20gr.) From the cherry sawfly. The plant is treated with tincture of iodine for various diseases.
Herbicides
These chemicals are used to kill weeds. They are divided into two types:
- For external influence - removes the ground parts of the herbs without harming the roots. Suitable for annuals.
- For internal action, it eliminates the root system. Used against perennial plants.
The drug must be applied strictly to the soil. The distance to the trunk should be 1 meter. It is necessary to spray the chemical in dry, calm weather. This will prevent it from reaching the trunk and foliage. Do not process while picking berries!
The main diseases of cherry
Moniliosis
Suppuration appears on the fruits, they turn gray. The leaves turn brown or brown. Subsequently, they wither, dry up. Pests that eat berries and foliage provoke the disease. The development of gray rot is facilitated by high humidity and heat. The fungus can partially or completely destroy the crop. The plant's immunity decreases. The damaged areas of the tree turn black, take on a burnt appearance.
Moniliosis
Control measures: remove all affected parts of the plant. Before flowering, the tree is irrigated with Bordeaux liquid, a solution of ferrous sulfate.
You can also use the substance Oleocobrite, Topsin-M, Nitrofen. It is recommended to process cherries after flowering using the drug Kuprozan, Tsineb, copper oxychloride, vitriol.
Coccomycosis
Fungal infection affects the leaves, fruits of the cherry culture. Red-brown spots and cracks appear on the leaves. Trees lose berries and foliage. Decreases winter hardiness, productivity.
The reasons for the development of the disease:
- warm, rainy weather (20 - 25 degrees);
- too thick crown;
- as a result of freezing of shoots;
- invasion of pests.
Trees are processed in three stages.
- In early spring, the cherry must be sprinkled with Bordeaux mixture (3%) or iron vitriol (159 g / 5 l. Water) before flowering. Can be used with Fast.
- When the bushes fade, it is recommended to use Topsin-M, Skor.
- After harvesting the fruits, sprinkle with copper oxychloride (HOM).
Coccomycosis
Good results are given by the drug Horus. The procedure is carried out twice:
- before flowering;
- after its completion, after 14 days.
Make a solution (3 g / 10 l. Water). Enough 2 - 4 liters of ready-made composition for 1 tree. The protective effect lasts from 7 to 10 days. The drug has good absorption. After 2 hours after spraying, the rain can no longer wash it off.
Clasterosporium disease
Hole spotting is characterized by the appearance of cracks, brown spots on the leaves, depressed cherries.Insects, strong constantly blowing winds, dampness can become the cause of the disease.
Sanitary pruning of the affected areas is carried out. In early spring, copper sulfate is sprayed (200g / 10 liters of liquid). They are processed twice with Bordeaux mixture. After the cherry blossoms, spray it a second time after 15 days.
Clasterosporium disease
Anthracnose
The fungus affects only berries. The appeared black spots are covered with a dense pink bloom. Over time, the fruits dry out. Excessively humid summer contributes to the disease. Treatment and prevention is carried out at least four times per season.
- Horus is used before cherry blossoms;
- After flowering, - Topaz;
- After 2 weeks, they are sprayed with Topsin-M or Pilgrim (20 g / 10 liters of water). The last remedy can be applied at all three stages;
- After harvesting, it is treated with copper sulfate (according to the instructions).
Anthracnose
In addition to the listed diseases, cherry trees can be affected by rust, gommosis, tubercolariosis, scab, and other ailments. But good, competent plant care will help avoid such misfortunes.
Cherry pest insects
You should choose a strictly defined time when to spray cherries from pests in the spring. Otherwise, treatment and prevention will not lead to the desired result.
Cherry aphid
The fight against leaf aphids begins before the flowering of cherry trees. First of all, weeds, root shoots are destroyed using herbicides. For processing plants, take the composition Decis or Inta-Vir, Fitoferm.
Cherry aphid
Nitrofen, Phosphamit, Metaphos are also suitable.
After flowering, it is recommended to use the Spark substance (10 ml / 1 liter of water), Bi-58. Spraying is stopped 28 to 35 days before the start of fruit collection. At the same time, environmentally friendly methods are used (at any time).
- Fragrant flowers and crops are planted in the near-stem zones. These are marigolds, nasturtiums, herb (dill, horseradish, fennel, thyme, etc.).
- It is very useful 1 - 2 times a day to drain with water under strong pressure from a hose, irrigating the bushes.
- You can spray herbal infusions based on onions, garlic. Spray with a liquid composition of wood ash (500gr. / 5l. Water). Insist 3 days. Add another five liters.
- Bitter wormwood (for 10 liters of water / 400 grams) Boil for 30 minutes. Add 40 gr. green or laundry soap. Strain. Process the culture.
- Soapy water. Orange peels, tobacco leaves, hot pepper pods, and the tops of nightshade plants are added to it.
Cherry Slime Sawfly
Its larvae eat leaves and ovaries. The beetles themselves are not dangerous.
In July - August, when harmful insects appear, shrubs and the ground are sprayed with Cyanok, Aktara, trichlorometaphos (10%), chlorophos (3.8%), karbofos (10%). If the substance is in granules, then take 15 - 20g. / 1 bucket of water. Loosening of the soil is carried out in autumn.
Cherry Slime Sawfly
Cherry fly
A harmful individual is capable of destroying 80% of the crop. She feeds on fruit juice. Cherries rot, fall off.
Control methods: early varieties of cherries are planted. They dig the earth around the trunks to a depth of just over 20 centimeters. Trees are sprayed with Decis, Metathion, Diazinon, Dimethoat, Spinosad. You can use an infusion of garlic or a decoction of wormwood.
Cherry fly
Weevil
Shake off insects on a spread cloth or film. Use the Corsair remedy. Can be irrigated with a decoction of wormwood, nettle, chamomile. In the fall, they dig up near-trunk soil, treat the soil with a solution of copper.
Shoot moth
Devours buds, leaves. For prevention, they must clean the garden. Before the leaves begin to bloom, they are sprayed with insecticide Decis, Iskra, Inta-Vir, Aktara.
Shoot moth
Fruit sapwood
As a result of the attack of beetles, cracks appear on the bark, gum flows out from the affected areas. Processing is carried out by moistening the bark, branches with chlorophos.
Hawthorn
The butterfly settles in specially formed nests. Reminiscent of cabbage. It feeds on buds, leaves. Trees are treated with Ambush, Actellik.Use the biological agent Dendrobacillin, Entobacterin, DDT emulsion (100gr / 10l. Water).
Hawthorn
It is impossible to list all the existing cherry pests. Only the most common types are presented here.
The cherry orchard requires care not only in the springtime. It is necessary to take care of him in the fall, following the same procedures.
