Cuttings storage of grapes for the winter

Reproduction of grapes with the help of shanks is considered the most widely known method of breeding this fruit crop, not only in such an area as industrial viticulture, but also at home. Vine cultivation, in accordance with this agronomic technique, consists both in the implementation of planting rooted shoots in the ground, and in the grafting of planting material in the spring season.

Methods of vegetative propagation of grapes

Each of the methods of vegetative propagation of grapevines is distinguished by a certain specificity of performing agrotechnical works:

1. The method of rooting winter cuttings is to soak the planting material removed from storage in warm water for two days. After that, the lower end of each shoot, intended for cuttings, must be placed in a root former solution. 2 buds must be left on the branch, and the rest must be cut off. For planting, plastic bottles or tall glasses are used;
2. When propagated by green cuttings, they are harvested when the vine is in the flowering stage. The lower end of the freshly cut shoot is placed in water. After that, a cutting with 2 litters and 2 buds is cut from the shoot, which must be cuttings. The green stalk should have an oblique bottom cut. Further, the lower part of the cutting must be placed in a root solution for 9 hours. In this case, a prerequisite is maintaining the air temperature at + 20 ° C, as well as the creation of diffused lighting. Boxes or plastic cups are used as a landing container;
3. The grafting method of breeding is the fusion of two grape varieties by connecting the vines, which promotes the exchange of genetic properties. The purpose of this method can also be:

• improving the quality characteristics of the vine;
• improving disease resistance;
• increased winter hardiness of the plant;
• increasing drought resilience;
• recovery after freezing;
• treatment of deformed fragments;
• the emergence of the ability to grow on marginal land.

Storage of grapes

4. Propagation of grapes by dividing layering is a method of dividing the plant, excluding the separation of shoots from the root system. Additional advantages that the agrotechnical method of dividing the layering has are:

• the ability to cure any fungal or infectious disease of the vine;
• increase in bush mass;
• the possibility of reproduction of rare grape varieties that are difficult to root;
• growing additional seedlings.

5. Sprinkling the vine with soil is practiced mainly in the southern regions of the country. This method can be used for both green shoots and lignified vines. When sprinkling, the upper part of the shoot must be left above the soil surface. In the fall, the sprouts obtained must be divided and planted in various containers.

Why germinate grape cuttings

The main purpose of germinating grape cuttings is to obtain seedlings. They are cut from a well-developed vine.In addition, with the help of harvested and harvested cuttings, the grower has the opportunity to preserve the cultivated grape variety.

The survival rate of planting material, which was originally sprouted from the cuttings, is considered low. This is due to the fact that during the infusion of the root in water, it is necessary to add some drug to the water, which allows the vine root system to grow faster. In addition, from cuttings that require careful care, weak plants grow, which are more susceptible to various diseases, compared to seedlings obtained by dropping the vine. Reproduction of this fruit crop using cuttings is characterized by good survival rates, provided that germination is carried out in an area with plants that have a healthy root system. The vine obtained by grafting has a high survival rate.

Grape cuttings

How and when to harvest cuttings

To carry out the cuttings storage of grapes for the winter, in late autumn, it is necessary to prepare planting material. Harvesting cuttings is necessary in order for them to remain in a healthy state, and also to germinate faster after planting in a permanent place.

Selection of vines for harvesting

To check maturity, a 1% iodine solution is used, in which it is necessary to place the cut and observe the change in its color. An unripe shank retains a light green hue, and a suitable material will acquire a color close to black. Since the apical part is too young and underdeveloped, the middle part of the shoot is chosen for the creation of the cutting.

Since branches in a shaded area germinate weaker, it is recommended to choose a vine grown in a richly lit area for breeding. Also, you should not cut the plant from fatty and coarse shoots.

Methods for cutting grape cuttings

For storage, you can choose a long shoot with 8 eyes, which is divided in the spring season for germination. In addition, there are several more options for harvesting planting material:

• short shoot with two eyes (mainly grafting option);
• medium shoot with 4 eyes (most common);
• long stalk, the minimum number of eyes of which is 5 pieces.

Prune branches with a disinfected garden pruner.

How to disinfect seedlings

Disinfection of the shanks is mandatory before storing them in a house or cellar. Refusal from this procedure can lead to the fact that bacteria living on the sections, due to favorable conditions for reproduction, can destroy the planting material.

Seedling processing before planting

Disinfection is carried out immediately after the shoot is cut. If it is not possible to do this, a freshly cut piece of vine must be wrapped in foil.

How to prepare cuttings for storage

Freshly cut shoots must be kept in a bucket of water for 24 hours. Next, you should prepare a potassium permanganate solution and disinfect the planting material in it for half an hour.

For storage, the workpiece should be tightly wrapped in foil and, in order to overwinter, placed in a cool place: in a cellar or a picker.

How to save harvested shoots

Cuttings should be stored at + 4 ° C, in a refrigerator or cellar, similar to the kilchev method. The workpieces should be checked once a month during storage. Cuttings experiencing a moisture deficit must be placed in water for 7 hours, and then dried thoroughly. Moldy shoots must be washed and disinfected with a potassium permanganate solution or copper sulfate, and then continue to sprinkle.

How to grow grape cuttings

There are three most widely used methods for sprouting grape cuttings in spring:

• Growing according to the Radchevsky method is notable for its simplicity of execution, and the result is a fast-growing, easy-to-grow vine. This method is represented by the following step-by-step instructions for germinating grape cuttings:

1. In the autumn season, it is necessary to prepare cuttings 80 centimeters long;
2. Wrap the planting material in foil;
3. Place the cuttings stored in a sand trench;
4. In the spring, cut the shoots into 35 centimeters without removing the lower eyes;
5. Soak the cuttings in water in a cool room with a temperature of + 18 ° C for 2 days;
6. Dip every 10 cuttings into a liter jar filled with water 3 centimeters;
7. Place containers on a well-lit windowsill;
8. After a period of 12 days, transplant the cuttings into the soil mixture;
9. You can plant in a permanent place in the month of May.

Growing up according to the Radchevsky method

• Germination according to the Pusenko method consists in storing the cuttings, wrapped in foil, on a cabinet in a horizontal position. This procedure can also be referred to as picking grape cuttings at home. The specificity of this method lies in the fact that each individual stalk must be wrapped in a cloth, which must be constantly kept wet. The creation of the required temperature, which should exceed + 20 ° C, is ensured by the location of the upper parts of the shanks towards the window or wall. Due to the excessive heat, the shoots begin to bloom more intensively. A month later, the appearance of roots begins. When germinating up to 2 millimeters, they can be planted in a container or in a permanent place;
• The method of how you can germinate grape cuttings in a filler is considered simple to perform - the cuttings are placed in a container filled with sawdust and sand. However, the sand must first be cleaned of debris, washed and scalded with boiling water, as well as sawdust, which should be squeezed out after scalding. It is necessary to prepare a container where to pour cooled sawdust mixed with sand. The stalk is located in the central part of the container and is periodically sprayed with water. After 2 weeks, when the root appears, the plant is planted in a permanent place.

There are many ways to germinate grapes, storage methods, for example, placing shoots in a cellar or kilchevator, and harvesting grape cuttings. Processing by each of them is aimed at preserving the variety and preventing contamination of the planting material. It is possible to germinate grape cuttings at home, as well as to propagate a vine suitable for planting in a home vineyard, only from healthy seedlings.