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Garden rose (member of the Rosehip family) is one of the most popular plants. It is believed that rose garden flowers symbolize beauty and love, war and politics, they are admired and worshiped by both designers and experienced florists, and people who appreciate beauty.
There is a garden and park variety of roses, but the first is the most demanded. As for planting seedlings and caring for them, a certain amount of knowledge may be needed here. The experience of growing a garden rose comes with time. Also, garden roses can be represented by miniature, ground cover, climbing and hybrid tea varieties.
General information and description of the plant
Rose flower (garden) is represented by a rather picky culture belonging to the Rosehip family, and most varieties of this variety are the result of many years of work by breeders. It is almost impossible to see a garden rose in the wild, and this is because in the absence of proper care, the plant becomes wild, approaching its ancestors in appearance. Today, rose bushes are a common flower culture that can be grown by both an experienced and a novice florist.
More than 10 varieties of roses were known to the Romans in ancient times, with the help of which noble people decorated the landscape design of their gardens, and famous women used them as an original headdress. After the Roman Empire collapsed, the monastic brethren began to grow garden roses, along with various medicinal plants.
rose flower
By the beginning of the 17th century, more than 23 varieties of this beautiful culture had become known, and many famous and influential people fought for rose seedlings. And only in the period from the 19th century to 2018, the cultivation of this plant became a common affair, and many growers have already revealed the secret of its origin.
Roses types and varieties for Russian gardens
Rough estimates to date indicate that varieties of garden roses include at least 400 different names. Representatives of varieties differ from each other not only in appearance, but also in the structure of the buds themselves.
Garden roses are represented by the following varieties:
- bushy plants or having only one stem;
- tall or dwarf;
- climbing crops or creeping on the surface of the earth.
Each plant has its own special scent, and some varieties may not have a scent. Thanks to the variety of shades of garden roses, which can be either pastel or variegated, or monochromatic, you can arrange a garden bed for every taste.
Curly rose
Some varieties are popular in Russia, others are just beginning to gain popularity on the shelves of garden stores. Before you start growing a garden rose, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with the characteristics of the types of roses for the garden.
Dwarf garden rose
This variety is represented by neat and compact bushes, and sometimes you can find a shape that vaguely resembles a ball. The diameter of the shrubs, in most cases, is 15-20 cm.Small flowers have a pleasant smell and a diameter of no more than 4 cm. Inexperienced growers consider the shape of a dwarf rose to be similar to a hybrid tea plant. As for the color, it can be completely different, but almost always very variegated.
The miniature rose variety can be climbing or mossy, which smells quite strong. The climbing varieties have long shoots on which small flowers are formed. The plant blooms for a long period of time, and if the rose is grown indoors, then it will delight with its buds for a whole year (if we take into account the breaks of 2 months).
Garden miniature roses
Lavatera garden rose
Rose Lavatera was obtained in 1865 as a result of an accidental crossing. The plant is represented by low erect bushes with large foliage. In height, the rose can reach from 60 to 80 cm, the diameter of the flowers is 12 cm. The inflorescences are goblet-shaped, but in young flowers the shape is sharp and elongated. There are both single flowers and collected in inflorescences.
The Lavatera flower (perennial) blooms for no more than 30 days, followed by a two-week break. Then the second phase of flowering begins, because the formation of new buds can last until the second half of autumn.
Rose Dendron
This small-flowered variety, its seed came to Russia from France, belongs to those types that bloom profusely. The flowers are not large, their size, on average, is 2-4 cm. The number of flowers in one inflorescence can be either 20 or 100 pieces. Blooms for a long time - from early summer to October.
Compact shoots with strong branches can reach up to 1 m in height. The buds have practically no smell. Flowers differ in a varied color palette, ranging from red to white.
Features of planting and crop care
If you correctly carry out the preparatory measures for planting a garden rose, it will delight household members with abundant flowering. If the seedlings need to cut off the stems and root system, they are first dipped in a container of water for 2-3 hours.
Planting roses
Step-by-step diagram of the correct landing:
- the diameter of the hole should be no more than 50 cm, and the depth should be slightly more than the volume of the root system of the cutting along with a lump of earth;
- be sure to prepare a soil mixture by mixing compost and dug soil (in a 1: 3 ratio), you can also take and add wood ash here;
- at least 1 bucket of water must be poured into the well, having previously dissolved a heteroauxin tablet (organic growth stimulator) in it;
- rose cuttings should be planted and rooted in the planting holes, after which, gently holding them by the stems, cover with prepared soil;
- the planted seedlings must be spilled to a height of at least 20 cm, and a circular ditch will also need to be formed around it, which will prevent water leakage.
During the first year after planting in open ground, it is necessary to start forming bushes. To do this, you will need to pay due attention to key factors, pinch the ends of the shoots in a timely manner in order to stimulate tillering. So that young plants do not weaken, with the onset of summer, you need to start removing the buds that have begun to form.
For active development and abundant flowering, a garden rose needs to be fed with various mineral and organic fertilizers. Top dressing must be applied as soon as the growing season begins and in the process of bud formation. At the end of the flowering of the rose and before the processes become lignified, the plant must also be fed with ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate.
Major diseases and pests of culture
A garden rose, like any other flower crop, can be susceptible to various diseases and harmful insects. Crop immunity can be lowered due to unfavorable growth conditions. In most cases, the rose is affected by powdery mildew, black spot, rust and chlorosis. Experts recommend combating fungal diseases with the help of fungicides such as copper sulfate and colloidal sulfur.
Due to a disease such as chlorosis, the leaves often turn yellow. This is because there are practically no nutrients in the soil. To get rid of such a problem, it is necessary to resort to soil analysis to identify the lack of a certain element, and then add its salt to the ground. In addition to diseases, the plant can be damaged by such pests:
- shield;
- aphid;
- ticks and cicadas;
- whitefly;
- caterpillars and sawfly larvae.
Insects reproduce in rosebuds, they feed on the cell sap of a flower culture, thereby causing enormous damage to it. Life processes are disrupted, which lead to the fact that the shoots gradually die off, and the foliage can wilt and curl. It is necessary to eliminate pests by treating rose bushes with insecticides (for example, Karbofos, Rogor and Actellik). The spraying procedure should be carried out until the buds swell.
Thus, the garden rose is one of the most famous plants that will delight its owner all year round, subject to the rules of planting and care.
